Wesley's Anger Contest 1 Problem 4 (Easy Version) - A Red-Black Tree Problem
View as PDFA harder version of the problem can be found here.
You are given a tree with  vertices. Recall that a tree is a connected graph where there is exactly one path between any two vertices. Each vertex in this tree is assigned a colour, red or black. You are asked to determine the number of balanced subgraphs with exactly 
 vertices. A subgraph is considered to be balanced if all vertices are connected and there are at least 
 red vertices and 
 black vertices.
Wesley originally wanted you to output the full answer, but he decided to be nice and only ask you to output it modulo . It may be helpful to know that 
 is prime and 
.
For this question, a connected subgraph is a subset of the original vertices and edges that form a tree.
Constraints
For this question, Python users are recommended to use PyPy over CPython.
For this problem, you will NOT be required to pass all the samples in order to receive points. In addition, all subtasks are disjoint, and you are NOT required to pass previous subtasks to earn points for a specific subtask.
| Subtask | Points | |
|---|---|---|
For all subtasks:
The graph is a tree.
Input Specification
The first line contains 2 integers,  and 
.
The next line contains a string of  characters, describing the colouring of the tree. Each character is either 
R or B. If the  character is 
R, then vertex  is red. Otherwise, it is black.
The next  lines describe the edges of the tree. Each line contains 2 integers, 
, 
, indicating an edge between 
 and 
.
Output Specification
This problem is graded with an identical checker. This includes whitespace characters. Ensure that every line of output is terminated with a \n character and that there are no trailing spaces.
Output a single integer, the number of balanced subgraphs with exactly  vertices, modulo 
.
Sample Input 1
6 5
BBBRBR
1 2
2 3
2 4
3 5
2 6
Sample Output 1
2
Sample Explanation 1
The two balanced subgraphs of size  are 
 and 
.
Sample Input 2
5 4
RBRBR
1 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
Sample Output 2
3
Sample Explanation 2
The three balanced subgraphs of size  are 
, 
, and 
.
Comments