Mirko wants to buy land on which he will build a house for his family. So far, he's seen $K$ pieces of land. Each of them is in the shape of a rectangle and we can think of it as a matrix with $N$ rows and $M$ columns, $N\times M$ fields in total.

Mirko is aware that, before construction begins, the property needs to be regularly maintained and the lawn needs to be mowed. Because of this, Mirko bought a lawn mower. In order to mow the entire lawn of $N$ rows and $M$ columns, he needs to go over each field at least once. He can start from any field facing one of the four main directions (up, down, left, and right). His lawn mower can only go forwards (to the adjacent field facing the current direction) or make a 90 degree turn. Additionally, because of his own safety, Mirko can only use the lawn mower on his land, so he cannot leave the matrix.

Since making the lawn mower turn isn't simple, Mirko wants to mow the lawn with the minimal amount of turns. For each piece of land he saw so far, Mirko wants to know the minimal number of turns he can make so that the entire lawn is mowed. Help Mirko solve this problem.

Input Specification

The first line of input contains the positive integer $K$ $(1\le K\le 50000)$, the number from the task.

Each of the following $K$ lines contains two positive integers $N$ and $M$ $(1\le N,M\le 1000000)$, the numbers from the task.

Output Specification

For each piece of land Mirko saw so far, output in a separate line the minimal amount of turns he can take so that the entire lawn is mowed.

Scoring

In test cases worth 50% of total points, Mirko will see only one piece of land. The dimensions of this piece of land will be smaller than 500.

Sample Input 1

2
1 10
10 1

Sample Output 1

0
0

Explanation for Sample Output 1

The first piece of land can be mowed without making any turns if he starts from the field in the first column of the table, faced to the right and only going forwards. A similar idea applies for the second piece of land.

Sample Input 2

3
1 1
3 3
3 4

Sample Output 2

0
4
4

Sample Input 3

2
5 8
6 4

Sample Output 3

8
6